Sleeping Pad Features, Decoded
R-Value
R-value measures a sleeping pad's ability to resist heat transfer from your body to the cold ground, with higher numbers indicating better insulation. The R-value of sleeping pads is measured with the ASTM F3340-18 standard, which ensures that manufacturers test their pads the same way and report comparable numbers.
Generally, R-values of 1-2 work for summer camping, 2-4 for three-season use, and 5+ for winter and cold-weather camping, though individual comfort levels vary. Living in Wyoming and Utah, I usually don’t want to go below 4; in lower elevation climates with hot nights, you can get away with far less. There is generally a correlation between how heavy a sleeping pad is and a higher R-value, and the key is to find the best balance for you.
Inflatable vs Foam
There are three types of sleeping pads: inflatable, self-rising, and foam. For ultralight purposes, inflatable and foam sleeping pads are the only contenders, but they have vastly different price points and performance.
Inflatable sleeping pads will be much more expensive than foam sleeping pads—usually twice the price at a minimum. But they come with more premium features, like a higher R value, small packed size, and greater comfort.
Foam sleeping pads are more old school, like the time-tested Therm-a-rest Z Lite and Ridgerest. They have a low R-value that’s only suitable for summer use and are less comfortable than inflatable pads, BUT they are much more durable. Many thru-hikers prefer the dependability of a foam pad over risking waking up on a deflated pad that popped on a previously unseen rock or twig.
Baffling
Some people have particular preferences for the type of baffling on their sleeping pads. Horizontal baffles are a little more old school but distribute weight evenly across the width of the pad. Quilted baffling is becoming fairly popular, especially for side sleepers, and features a matrix of interconnected pockets for stability and comfort. I didn’t test any pads with vertical baffling, but you’ll find it on some heavier options like the Big Agnes Rapide.
Weight
To qualify as ultralight, a sleeping pad should generally be under 16 ounces, or a pound. Some of the pads we tested meet that requirement in some sizes but not all. Given the very high price tag of some of these options, however, I’ve also allowed for some wiggle room with the more affordable options and would categorize them as “lightweight.”
Length and Shape
If you’re looking for an ultralight sleeping pad, there’s really no question on the shape. A tapered mummy shape will cut off extra material and save weight and space. I did include one rectangular option on this list due to it's low price, and many of the pads below are available in rectangular shapes with higher weights, but I think those pads are mostly out of place in ultralight backpacking.
While length might seem obvious, this is also a place where you can unexpectedly shave some weight. I’m 5’9" and usually choose the “short” option and put my pack at the bottom of my tent in case my feet hang off. My non-ultralight friends think it’s crazy but I’d say don’t knock it until you’ve tried it—I still think the discontinued torso-length Therm-a-rest NeoAir Xlite was the best thing Cascade Designs has ever produced. Less material also means less area to develop holes, and that’s something no one can argue with.
I included some closed-cell foam pads on this list too, which hikers will sometimes cut to their preferred length and shape to shave off extra grams.
Noise
Inflatable sleeping pads are known to be noisy, particularly if they use lightweight synthetic fabrics and insulation like mylar. A decade ago, the Therm-a-rest NeoAir pads were notorious for crinkling that could keep an entire campsite awake, but they’ve come a long way since then. Still, some sleeping pads will be noisier than others so it’s worth consideration if you’re a light sleeper.
Inflation Bags
I didn’t write about the inflation bags—the inflatable sacks used to pump up your sleeping pad—in this article because I don’t think they have a place in ultralight backpacking. There’s a myth in the backpacking world that inflating a sleeping pad with your breath will cause mold, ice, and/or lower the R value. The science of that has always been a little iffy because there are just way too many variables to make that broad statement, and a pad simply won’t retain moisture day after day from inflating it once a night. If this were true, I could have poured water out of my pads at the end of a thru-hike. Pads gain about one gram in moisture after inflating with your mouth but if you weighed your pad a few hours later you’d find it evaporated. Each of the inflatable pads I tested comes with an inflation bag but unless you truly can’t stand the thought of blowing up the pad yourself, cut the weight and leave the inflation bag at home.
(Editor's Note: the concept of an ultralight air pump is also recently been introduced, with some weighing as little as 2oz. But we did not include in this test.)
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